To enter Canada, a passport is required by citizens and permanent residents of the United States. At press time, the U.S. government was developing alternatives to the traditional passport. For further information, see the website http://travel.state.gov/travel [1]. For current entry requirements to Canada, check the Citizenship and Immigration Canada website (www.cic.gc.ca [2]).
All other foreign visitors must have a valid passport and may need a visa or visitors permit depending on their country of residence and the vagaries of international politics. At present, visas are not required for citizens of the United States, British Commonwealth, or Western Europe. The standard entry permit is for six months, and you may be asked to show onward tickets or proof of sufficient funds to last you through your intended stay.
No vaccinations are necessary for visiting Canada.
Visitors to the Canadian Rockies [3] have the option of arriving by road, rail, or air. The main gateway city for flights from North America and Europe is Calgary [4], while Vancouver [5] is also a popular starting point. From these two cities, as well as points across Canada, scheduled train and bus services pass through the region year-round.
Driving, whether it be your own vehicle or a rental car, is by far the best way to get around the Canadian Rockies, although most towns are served by bus.
Links:
[1] http://travel.state.gov/travel
[2] http://www.cic.gc.ca
[3] http://www.moon.com/destinations/canadian-rockies
[4] http://www.moon.com/destinations/alberta/calgary
[5] http://www.moon.com/destinations/vancouver-victoria/vancouver