From Buenos Aires [1], there are ferry connections across the river to the Uruguayan capital of Montevideo, but also to the resort town of Piriápolis (summer only) and to the 18th-century town of Colonia. From the suburban river port of Tigre [2], there are launches to the Uruguayan river ports of Carmelo and Nueva Palmira.
In addition, there is the popular and scenic but increasingly expensive bus-boat shuttle between Bariloche [3] and the Chilean city of Puerto Montt [4], and a relatively short cruise (three days–plus) that carries passengers between Punta Arenas (Chile) [5] and Ushuaia [6].
Links:
[1] http://www.moon.com/destinations/argentina/buenos-aires
[2] http://www.moon.com/destinations/argentina/buenos-aires/vicinity-buenos-aires/tigre
[3] http://www.moon.com/destinations/argentina/northern-patagonia/the-lakes-district/san-carlos-de-bariloche
[4] http://www.moon.com/destinations/chile/sur-chico/puerto-montt
[5] http://www.moon.com/destinations/chile/southern-patagonia/punta-arenas
[6] http://www.moon.com/destinations/argentina/tierra-del-fuego/ushuaia