Grand Canyon is so vast and rugged that it seems completely beyond the human experience. Yet people have lived along its river and rim for 10,000 years, moving with the seasons and leaving behind signs of their passing in rock art, stone pueblos, and pottery shards. The canyon’s diverse environments, from low desert to montane forest, support more than 2,000 species of plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, including several endangered and threatened species.

The canyon’s cliffs are a history book of the planet. The layered spectrum of red, orange, gray, and tan stone record three eras of geological time, with rocks along the Colorado River that are 2 billion years old. The canyon itself is “only” 5 or 6 million years old… and still changing. Wind and moisture continue to sculpt fantastical stone shapes one grain of sand at a time.

But nature doesn’t always work slowly—a room-sized platform of limestone at Mather Point toppled overnight after appearing in thousands of postcards and snapshots. One storm turned Crystal Rapids from a mellow ride to a feared torrent. Recent floods destroyed one waterfall in tributary Havasu Canyon and created two more. Grand Canyon is a place of grand drama and serene vistas.

Grand Canyon National Park’s mile-deep abyss and 1.2 million acres hold a multitude of experiences and environments, from the North Rim’s boreal forests to the desert environs along the Colorado River, from bustling Grand Canyon Village to wild and lonesome wilderness. Visitors can tour a 1,000-year-old pueblo or step onto the Skywalk, the 70-foot-long glass-bottomed observation deck stretching over Grand Canyon West at the Hualapai Reservation.

Ever since travelers began coming to the canyon more than 100 years ago, they have struggled to describe its vastness. Although one 1892 visitor referred to Grand Canyon as a “great hole in the ground,” the canyon is actually a collection of gorges and peaks. Sinuously curved side canyons, secret waterfalls, towering monuments of stone—any one of these would be a landmark attraction someplace else. Here, places like Vishnu Temple, Elves Chasm, or Matkatamiba Canyon are just small pieces of a whole that is considered one of the world’s seven greatest natural wonders.

In 1903, Teddy Roosevelt urged every American to see Grand Canyon. Today, some 5 million visitors each year explore the canyon’s expanses by hiking, backpacking, mule riding, or river rafting. With something here for everyone, Grand Canyon truly is America’s park.